What is Dark Matter and Dark Energy?

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Physics has often been considered a model for what a modern science should look like with its strong emphasis on observational or experimental verification of theoretical ideas. It's a discipline where hard facts are supposedly favoured over thought experiments relating to the unobservable. Yet physics also has a history of ideas about substances that are not only bordering on the unobservable but also have elusively outlandish properties. In the last decade for instance astronomers and physicists have come to the conclusion that about 95% of the matter and energy content of our Universe is so surreal that it is said to be "dark".  more...