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Basic skills that you must have to be a good web developer

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There are many important skills that you should be constantly developing if you want to become a successful web developer. You must be looking for improvement and should also try and be continually learning. This is so, because web development encompasses a wide variety of skills.                more...

Playing Sound on a webpage using Javascript and Flash Player

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There are several ways to play sound in a web page. Why you need sound in a web page. The most common type of feedback is sound. The computer clicks when you select things, beeps when there are errors, and makes other noises to alert you to situations. But Web pages don’t usually have this type of feedback.
As I said above that there are several ways to play sound in web page. But the most common problem is the “Browser specific solutions”. Some will run on Internet explorer, while others will run on Mozilla Firefox and some on Google Chrome.  more...

How Google Image Search Technology Works

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Following Google’s launch of its image search, questions have been asked about how the technology works and whether or not it is accurate. At first glance, the search results appear to be fairly accurate and intriguing. For those who are interested, the following video presentation by Peter Linsley (originally delivered at SMX West in February, 2009) will attempt to answer some of your questions on how exactly Google images work and to some extent what it can be used for. more...

Counting Active Users using JSP

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Ever wondered how many users are viewing your web site at this moment? well this article seems to answer that. We will learn how to count active users using one session listener class and a JSP page. Once you have read this article, you'll be able to see the number of active sessions on your web site. This is all fun, so keep reading.  

What is a Session ?
A session is a sort of temporary unique connection between the server and client ( browser ) by which the server keeps track of that specific user. That unique session can be used by web applications to display this content to one user and that content to the other user.  more...

PHP Fetching URL Content With load() Function

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PHP make this very easy by including functions like file_get_contents() that has URL support. This code will get you the contents of an URL.
$contents = file_get_contents('http://example.com/rss.xml');
Unfortunately, this is a huge security threat - and many servers have disabled this feature in PHP. Also this is not the most optimized method to fetch an URL. Also, it is impossible to submit data using the POST method using this function.

PHP provide two method to fetch an URL - Curl and Fsockopen. But to use this we have to write a lot more code.

load()

So I decided to create my own function that makes it much more easier.  more...

Tomcat 6 : Web Application Configuration

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Web applications consist of static content (HTML, images) as well as dynamic content (Servlets, JSP's and Java Classes), normally a system administrator although does not program them, will normally deploy them, so a basic understanding on how Web applications work will help.
Web applications configuration can be broken down into two area's
  • Understanding the structure and content of a Web application
  • The deployment descriptor for a Web application (web.xml configuration file)
The Contents of a Web Application
Web applications are normally installed under the webapps directory in Tomcats home directory, the basic structure is in the diagram. more...

Shared Tomcat Hosting

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Many smaller companies run there entire system on a standalone server, running many Web Sites from one server is called virtual hosting. These hosting services allow for the sharing of resources such as a Web server, Database server, firewall, etc.
Virtual Hosting Concepts
Different Web site will have distinct Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) which is served by a Web server. A FQDN is in two parts a host and a domain name (web1.datadisk.co.uk - host=web1 domainname = datadisk.co.uk), I have a brief introduction to domain names in my Exim section.
There are two ways that virtual hosting can be implemented
  • IP-based virtual hosting - each web site domain needs to have a different IP address
  • Name-based virtual hosting - web sites share an IP address and the web server determines which domain the request is for based on the HTTP request headers  more...

Tomcat 6 Security

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Most software downloaded can be checked that it has not been tampered with or that you are downloading the correct version and not a hacked version. Tomcat uses a MD5 digest to make sure that you have downloaded the correct version, if one bit was to change in the software the MD5 digest will change. So when you have downloaded Tomcat, don't forget to compare the MD5 digest with the official Tomcat website to check it's integrity.
Securing Tomcat
When moving Tomcat into Production a number of actions must be performed to secure Tomcat, these are recommendations and you can choose to implement or not implement them. To start with I will discuss securing the Tomcat instance then discuss securing the Web application  more...

Tomcat 6 : Performance Testing

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From a users point of view performance is the time it takes to click a page to the time it is displayed (loaded into the browser), from an administrator point of view there are two important properties that you should measure for quantifying the performance of a web site
  • Response Time
  • Throughput
Response time is what I explained above, how long does it take when you click the button for the page to be returned and displayed. Throughput is the number of transactions that can occur in a given amount of time, it is normally measured in transaction per second (tps).
Before you start your web application design, you send set some goals on what you what to achieve  more...

Tomcat : HTTP Connectors

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Tomcat comes with a preconfigured HTTP connector that can handle incoming HTTP requests from a browser, because of this Tomcat can act as a standalone Web server, it can handle both HTTP and HTTPS requests. Tomcat can be tied with both Apache and IIS, I will not be explaining IIS so I point you to the Tomcat Apache web site.
The Java-based HTTP/1.1 Connector is the default connector configured in Tomcat, there are additional connectors that can make use of high performance IO features of the Java NIO library and a native version of the HTTP Connector written in C/C++ and coded to APR (Apache Portable Runtime). Both of the additional Connectors are new and hopefully will be come the standard connector.
HTTP Connectors
HTTP connectors are Java classes that implement the HTTP protocol, by default the Connector listens on port 8080 but this can be changed. There are a number of HTTP Connectors available  more...

Class Loaders in Tomcat

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Each time a class is instantiated as an object or referenced statically, that class must be loaded by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) into memory, Tomcat uses class loaders and has different behavior to other class loaders. Tomcat allocates a class loader to each web application, but there are global ones as well.
Class loader Overview
The class loader deals with loading classes that many be on a file system, embedded computer systems (ROM chip), across a network. The role of a class loader is to abstract the process of loading classes, making completely independent of any type of underlying data store.
Since J2SE 1.2 the JVM uses three different class loaders
  • Bootstrap class loader (also called the primordal class loader)
  • Extension class loader
  • System class loader  more...

Tomcat Architecture

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Tomcat is a container that is made up of pluggable components that fit together in a nested manner. Tomcat is configurable you can set such settings to use specialized filters, change port numbers and IP address bindings, security settings, etc. You should always change the default setting when using in a production environment especially the security aspects, I will touch on this in the Tomcat security section. At first Tomcat configuration files appear cryptic and difficult to understand, but in future articles I will try to unpick the complexity of Tomcat into a easy understandable format.  more...

Advanced Tomcat Features

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The following subjects are discussed in this article
  • Access Logs
  • Single Sign-on
  • Request Filtering
  • Persistent Session Manager
  • Tomcat and JDBC, JNDI
  • JavaMail Session
  • Configuring lifecycle listeners   more...

Tomcat/Apache 6 : Ultimate Guide

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Apache Tomcat

  Introduction
  Tomcat History
  Java EE
  Tomcat and Web Servers

Web Applications
  Web Application History
  Server Side Java Servlets
  JavaServer Pages (JSP)
  MVC Architecture
  Summary

Tomcat Installation
  Installing the JVM and Tomcat
  Tomcat Directory Tree
  Installing APR
  Troubleshooting Tips

Tomcat Architecture
  Tomcat Directory Overview
  Tomcat Architecture
  Connect Architecture
  Lifecycle
  Configuration

Basic Configuration
  Configuration Essentials
  Basic Server Configuration
  Web Based GUI configurator

Advanced Features
  Valves
  Log Files
  Single Sign-on Implementation
  Restricting access via a Request Filter
  Persistent Sessions
  JNDI Resource Configuration
  Configuration Lifecycle Listeners

Web Application Configuration
  Understanding the contents of a Web Application
  Understanding the Deployment Descriptor

Web Application Administration
  Tomcat Manager Application
  Tomcat Manager - Web Interface
  Tomcat Manager - Managing Application with Ant
  Tomcat Manager - Using HTTP Requests
  Possible Problems
  Security Considerations

Class Loaders
  Class Loader Overview
  Class Loader Behavior
  Security and Class Loaders
  Tomcat and Class Loaders
  Dynamic Class Reloading
  Common Class Loader Pitfalls

HTTP Connectors
  HTTP Connectors
  Configuring Tomcat for SSL Support
  The Advanced NIO Connector
  The Native APR Connector
  CGI and SSI support
  Running Tomcat behind a Proxy Server
  Performance Tuning

Tomcat and Apache HTTP Server
  AJP Connector Architecture
  Understanding Tomcat Workers
  Configuring SSL for Apache Web Server
  Tomcat Load Balancing with Apache

JDBC Connectivity
  JDBC Basics
  Tomcat and JDBC
  JNDI Emulation and Pooling in Tomcat
  Complete example using Oracle

Tomcat Security
  Securing the Tomcat Server Installation
  Securing the JVM
  Tomcats Policy File
  Securing Web Application
  Security Realms (File-Based, JDBC, JNDI and JAAS)
  Encryption with SSL
  Securing DefaultServlet
  Host Restriction

Shared Tomcat Hosting
  Virtual Hosting Concepts
  Virtual Hosting in Apache
  Virtual Hosting in Tomcat
  Other Virtual Hosting Material (Tuning, Security)

Monitoring and Managing Tomcat with JMX
  Introduction to JMX
  Instrumentation Level
  Agent Level (MBean Server, Connectors and protocols adapters, agent services)
  Distributed Services Level
  Anthology of MBeans
  JMX Manageable Elements
  Accessing JMX via Manager Proxy
  Accessing JMX via JConsole

Clustering
  Introduction to Clustering
  Session Management
  Setting up Multiple Instances on one Server
  Session Sharing Backend
  Testing In Memory replication Cluster
  Persistent Session Manager with a File-Based Store
  Persistent Session Manager with a JDBC Store

Logging
  log4j
  JULI
  Log file Analysis

Performance Testing
  Performance Concepts
  JMeter

Performance Tuning
  Performance Tuning Best Practices
  Tomcat Error Messages
  JVM Tuning
  Tomcat Tuning

Links
  The official Apache/Tomcat web site


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Tomcat for beginning Web developers

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About this tutorial
This tutorial gives Java Web developers an introduction to programming JavaServer Pages (JSPs), servlets, and Web services using Tomcat, an open source application server from the Apache Foundation. The tutorial guides you through the following tasks:
  • Downloading and installing your own Tomcat server.
  • Coding and deploying a JSP on Tomcat.
  • Coding and deploying a servlet on Tomcat.
  • Coding and deploying a Web service using Tomcat and Apache Axis.
The tutorial provides an overview of JSP, servlets, and Web services but is not intended to cover those technologies in depth.

The tutorial covers the following:
 more...

Web App with jQuery, CoffeeScript, Ajax, Web.py & Heroku

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The intent of this example is to utilize high-level tools to create a very simple web app. The app will live on a single page that the Web.py server will hand you when you go to the URL. Every two seconds, this page will create a JSON object consisting of data from a text field on the page, and a randomly-generated number. The JSON object will be sent to the server as a POST request, and the server will respond by modifying the data and returning it to the page as a new JSON object. The page will take the data and update itself. Thus it makes the web page a reasonably-complete user interface for the application (this app will even automatically start up the web page, so it could be used as a desktop application).
The web page is very minimal, with a text field for input and an H1 field to be manipulated by jQuery to display the output. The page lives in the templates subdirectory and is named displaydata.html which you'll shortly see is important:  more...

Using Java's Net::URL Class To Access URLs

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Java's networking classes enable you to implement applications that communicate across a network/remote connection, but the platform also extends into the realm of the Internet and URLs. Java's URL class makes accessing Web resources as easy as accessing a local file. Let's take a look at how you can tap into the power of the URL class and read and write data over URL connections.


Working With URLs

A URL identifies resources such as files, Web pages, and Web applications that exist on the Web. It consists of a number of syntactic elements. For example, note the following URL:

http://www.go4expert.com:1234/mywebapps/JavaApp

The protocol element is identified as http. The host name is www.go4expert.com. The port number is 1234. The rest of the URL, /mywebapps/JavaApp, identifies the resource to be accessed on the site. The resource, in this case, happens to be a Web application. URLs can also include other elements, such as fragments and query strings.  more...

Factors That Determine Whether Your Business Really Needs A Mobile App

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Mobile consumers present a huge and growing market that businesses can target to promote their products and services. But for this to happen, they need to go mobile with their business; and one of the better ways of going mobile is to build a mobile app. Quite a number of businesses are already doing that and some of them are experiencing continuing benefits of releasing a mobile app. But, the keyword here is ‘some’ businesses and not all. This is because not all businesses are optimizing the use of their apps and they got themselves an app before considering certain essential factors.
Let’s take a look at these factors that determine whether a business’s idea of getting a mobile app has any merit.  more...

10 Effective Steps To A Quick Website Audit

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It’s no secret that in order to have a successful SEO campaign, you first have to have a solid website that is optimized and built correctly. Even if you have a great link building strategy, a sub-par site won’t help you achieve much success. The first step in improving an already existing site for SEO is to first conduct a site audit, or in other words, find out what’s wrong and what components it might be missing. Here are 10 quick steps that you can follow for a brief site audit that will give you a basic overview of how well a site is doing in terms of SEO. Keep in mind that this list isn’t the end-all check lists of site audits, but it can help you get a great head-start on a site makeover.  more...

Analyzing the Importance and Necessity of Dedicated Web Hosting Services

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Launching a website is a very important aspect for every business. However, in case you are scouting the steps to accomplish this, you need to understand that the very first step is choosing a great hosting service. There are quite a few options for you in this regards. All the information you collect will point out that, of all the plans in the market, a dedicated server hosting will give you the maximum ownership on your server.
Yet, the most important considerable question is whether your business needs a completely dedicated hosting service or you might scout other less complicated options? Here is an analysis that might help you understand your stand on this issue.  more...